Argentina was one of the world’s wealthiest countries early in the 20th century as a food and commodities exporter to Europe. Following the Crash of 1929 it
started to industrialise based on the substitution of imports. Thus it’s primary exports earned the foreign currency with which to pay for industrial imports such as machinery and finished goods were produced for the
domestic market.
The political system, in due course, acquired two principal competing constituencies; the internationally competitive primary sector and the protected industrial sector. It was the failure of the system to resolve the differences of these two constituencies that led to conflict and institutional instability culminating in the Dirty War during the Military Government of 1976-83.
Since that period Argentina has been following the constitutional route in its politics but the economic legacy of that period left a number of unresolved issues; hyperinflation - which was only finally tamed in the mid 1990's, the reorientation and internationalisation of industry and fiscal discipline.
In the 2000's Argentina has alternated between several years of growth followed by years of retrenchment. The State does not appear to have acquired the competence to choose a course and follow it through (like, for example, in Chile). Argentina is an outlier in Latin America in terms of it’s inflation rate (Venezuela excepted) which is due to a lack of fiscal discipline and this reflects a lack of longterm planning and follow through. Often irrational policies are applied as a short term fix such as taxing exports or nationalising private pensions but these only lead to negative repercusions over the long term.
The Government of Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner let all of these matters drift and the Government of Macri proved unable to resolve them such that his term ended with a new currency crisis and IMF financing. This is the situation that awaits incoming President Alberto Fernandez.
Contents
Introduction
The Modern Period
The Current Era
The Modern State
Economics from the Ground Up
Political Systems
Trade Theory
The EU as a Model of Integration
Industrialisation
Synopsis
Data
World GDP 2018
World GDP PPP 2018
GDP per capita ppp 2018
Exports & Imports 2018
Container Traffic 2010 & 2018
Oil/ Liquids Prod/Cons 2018
Migrant Remittances 2018
Tourism Statistics 2017
Tourism Americas 2017
Latin America
Background
The US and Latin America
Economy
The EU and Latin America
Mercosur
World Exports 2000-2018
Argentina
Introduction
Industrialisation Model
Political Structure
The Military in Politics
Argentinean Foreign Policy
The Economy up to the 1980’s
1980’s and 1990’s
Current Issues
Charts & Chart Commentary
Sources
79 pages
Argentina 2020
- Product Code: ISSN 2014-5063 (2020) No 1
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