After independence in the 19th century El Salvador emerged as a country with a ruling elite of European stock who controlled the economy and a large disenfranchised indigenous population. It’s international insertion in the 19th century was based on coffee exports.
There was a Military Government from 1932 to 1979 and then a transition which coincided with the Salvadorean civil war which raged throughout the 1980's. All of the wars in Central America were interconnected. The Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua was seen as a model for the downtrodden throughout the Isthmus but was resisted by the US following a Cold War logic. Pressure on the Sandinistas by the US forced them to seek support from Cuba and the Soviet Union.
The Sandinistas then supported left wing guerrilla groups in neighbouring countries which were acquiescing in US policies. The US, in turn, supported right wing guerrillas to counter the left wing groups until the Cold War ended. The civil war effectively ended in 1992 with the signing of the Chapultepec accords but the legacy of armed guerilla groups continues to this day with the isthmus having some of the world’s highest homicide rates.
El Salvador has typically grown in the 2-4% range per annum apart from a prolonged downturn in the 1980's coinciding with the civil war. Since 2001 the economy has been dollarized. Economic policy is a mix of light industry, agriculture, Zonas Francas (free trade zones) and integration in the Central American Common Market. The trade deficit is covered by remittances from Salvadoreans working abroad.It has been politically stable with regular transitions every five years since the Chapultepec accords.
Contents
Introduction
The Modern Period
The Current Era
The Modern State
Economics from the Ground Up
Political Systems
Trade Theory
The EU as a Model of Integration
Industrialisation
Synopsis
Data
World GDP 2018
World GDP PPP 2018
GDP per capita ppp 2018
Exports & Imports 2018
Container Traffic 2010 & 2018
Oil Production 2018
Migrant Remittances 2018
Tourism Statistics 2017
Tourism Americas 2017
Latin America
Background
The US and Latin America
Economy
The EU and Latin America
Mercosur
World Exports 2000-2018
El Salvador
Introduction
Political History
Economy
State Finances
Central America Tables
Charts & Chart Commentary
Sources
70 pages
El Salvador 2020
- Product Code: ISSN 2014-5063 (2020) No 10
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